助動詞用來構(gòu)成時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 助動詞具有語法意義,但沒有詞匯意義,不可單獨作謂語。它沒有對應(yīng)的漢譯,下面小編告訴你*英語*助動詞用法,大家一起來看看吧!
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*英語*助動詞用法:
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只有實意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞。以like為例:
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1)當句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及"主謂一致"原則。
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eg : I like English a lot.
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Michael likes Chinese food very much.
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2)當句子為否定句時,要根據(jù)主語的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動詞:當主語為"三單"時,要使用does;當主語為"非三單"時,用助動詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
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Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
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They like sports.------They don't like sports.
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3)當句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
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Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
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Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
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用作情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的will:
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一、用作助動詞
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will 用作助動詞,表示將來,用于構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)。如:
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She will be back in a minute. 她一會兒就回來。
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I’ll carry your case for you. 讓我來給你提手提箱。
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二、用作情態(tài)動詞
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1. 表示意愿,其意為“愿意”“想要”。如:
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Will you accept a cheque? 你收支票嗎?
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2. 表示請求,意為“請……”“……好不好”。如:
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Be quiet for a moment, will you? 你安靜一會兒,好嗎?
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3. 表示可能性,意為“可能”“該是”“很可能”。如:
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The car will hold six people. 這車應(yīng)該可坐6個人。
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That will be the postman at the door now! 現(xiàn)在門口準是郵遞員來了!
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4. 表示命令,意為“要”“得”。如:
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You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon. 你要執(zhí)行這些指示并于今日下午報告執(zhí)行情況。
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5. 表示習慣或傾向性,意為“總是”“慣于”。如:
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Oil will float on water. 油總是浮在水面上。
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This window won’t open. 這扇窗戶經(jīng)常打不開(老是打不開)。
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She will get angry over nothing. 她老是無緣無故地發(fā)脾發(fā)。
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助動詞have的用法:
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1. have +過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。如:
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He has left for Japan. 他已去了日本。
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We’ve just done the washing-up. 我們剛洗完碗碟。
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Poor Jim has just had an accident. 可憐的吉姆剛出了個事故。
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I have had this car for three years. 這輛汽車我已用了3年了。
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By the end of last month, they had finished the work. 上月未他們就已經(jīng)完成了工作。
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2. have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成完成進行時。如:
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I have been studying English for 8 years. 我學英語已達八年了。
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The children have been having a lot of run. 孩子們一直玩得很開心。
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We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled. 在吵翻之前,我們多年來在業(yè)務(wù)上一直來往。
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By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年這時候,我們的業(yè)務(wù)住來就滿20年了。
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I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了,我做了個噩夢。
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3. have+been +過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成式被動語態(tài)。如:
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English has been taught in China for many years. *教英語已經(jīng)多年。
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I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad. 我被定成了超編人員,所以我打算出國。
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Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 這家新醫(yī)院花費了數(shù)千英鎊。
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None of my friends have been invited to the party. 我的朋友中沒有一個被邀參加晚會。
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All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 為了轉(zhuǎn)變他的想法,所有的辦法都用過了。
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助動詞be的用法:
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1. be +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)。如:
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They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
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We were planting trees this time yesterday. 我們昨天這個時候在植樹。
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2. be + 過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如:
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The door was broken by Tom. 門是湯姆打破的。
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English is taught in our school. 我校教英語。
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3. be + 動詞不定式,可表示:
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A. 打算、決定、計劃、安排等。如:
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He is to visit Japan next week. 他決定下周訪問日本。
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I was to have told you yesterday, but you were not in. 我本打算昨天告訴你的,但你不在家。
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B. 指示、命令、禁止等,即“必須,一定”。如:
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You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你們明天必須交練習。
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You’re not to (=You mustn’t) smoke here. 你不可以在此處抽煙。
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C. 責任、義務(wù)、需要,即“該不該”。如:
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You are to (=should) report to the police. 你應(yīng)該報警的。
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Am I to go on with the work? 這工作我該不該繼續(xù)干下去?
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D. 可能性,與can, may相當,不定式多用被動式。如:
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The book was not to (=could not) be found. 那本書可能找不到了。
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E. 假設(shè),用于虛擬條件句中。如:
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If it were to rain, we would get wet. 要是下雨,我們就會淋濕。
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F. 表示注定要發(fā)生或后來必然發(fā)生。如:
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This experience was to change his life. 這次經(jīng)歷注定要改變他的生活。
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注:不定式作表語與上述用法是不同的。如:
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My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那里。