現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是英語(yǔ)的一種時(shí)態(tài),表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在”,動(dòng)作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。下面小編告訴你英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),大家一起來(lái)看看吧!
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英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):
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現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
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一、構(gòu)成
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am / is / are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
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二、基本用法
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(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
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She is writing a letter upstairs. 她正在樓上寫信。
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Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰(shuí)?
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It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。
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(2)表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
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How are getting on with your study? 學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展得怎樣?
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I hear Mr. Smith is writing a novel. 我聽說(shuō)史密斯先生在寫一本小說(shuō)。
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(3)與頻度副詞如always, constantly, continually, forever等連用,表示說(shuō)話者贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、厭惡等感情色彩。如:
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John's forever asking silly questions like a stupid. 約翰像個(gè)笨伯一樣老是問(wèn)些愚蠢的問(wèn)題。
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You are always throwing things about. Look, what a mess in your room. 你老是亂扔?xùn)|西???,你房間多亂啊!
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(4) 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
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If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up. 如果他(那時(shí))還在睡覺(jué),不要叫醒他。
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Don’t disturb her when she is doing her homework.她做作業(yè)時(shí)不要打擾她。
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(5)少數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞如come, go, leave, arrive等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的事。如:
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Where are you going tomorrow? 明天你到哪里去?
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She is staying here till next week. 他要呆到下一星期。
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She's coming for Christmas. 她在圣誕節(jié)來(lái)。
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(6)有些非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示重復(fù)、即將等。如:
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The little bear is jumping up and down. 小熊一上一下地跳著。
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The poor old man is dying. 那可憐的老人要死了。
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(7)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別:
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現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)性,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)含有長(zhǎng)久的含義。比較:
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He lives in the country. 他住在農(nóng)村。(長(zhǎng)久性)
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He is now living in the country. 他現(xiàn)住在農(nóng)村。(暫時(shí)性)
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現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的事,而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不受時(shí)間限制。比較:
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The factory lies to the west of town. 工廠在小鎮(zhèn)的西邊。(不受時(shí)間限制)
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He is working in our company. 他正在我們公司上班。(現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行)
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與頻度副詞連用時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)只是說(shuō)明事實(shí),而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)帶有某種感情色彩。比較:
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He always comes late他總是遲到。
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Jean is always complaining about something. 吉恩老是滿腹牢騷。
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在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái),而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。比較:
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If I am free this evening, I’ll go to see you. 如果今晚有空,我就去看你。
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Don’t mention this when you are talking with him. 和他談話時(shí)不要提及此事。
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⑤表示狀態(tài)或感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但詞義轉(zhuǎn)變則可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。比較:
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Do you see anyone in the classroom? 你看到有人在教室嗎?
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Are you seeing someone off? 你在為誰(shuí)送行嗎?
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過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):
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1. 構(gòu)成
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was / were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
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2. 基本用法
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(1) 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
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What were you doing this time yesterday? 你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么?
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Granny fell asleep when she was reading. 奶奶看書時(shí)睡著了。
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He was writing a book about grammar last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.他去年在寫一本語(yǔ)法方面的書,但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫完了。
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What were you talking about just now? 你們剛才在談什么?
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He was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚他從七點(diǎn)一直工作到十一點(diǎn)。
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(2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與 always, forever, continually等副詞連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等表示感情色彩。如:
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My brother was always losing his keys. 我哥哥老是丟鑰匙。
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The boy was continually asking the same question. 這個(gè)男孩子老是問(wèn)同一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
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(3)動(dòng)詞wonder, hope, think, want等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示語(yǔ)氣委婉、客氣。如:
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We were wondering if you would stay with us for lunch. 我不知你能否留下來(lái)和我們一起吃午飯。
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I was hoping you give me a chance to try the job. 我很希望你給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)試一試這個(gè)工作。
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(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。如:
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—What were you doing when he came to see you?
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—I had just finished my homework and was leaving to
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He said his brother was leaving for Japan tomorrow. 他說(shuō)他哥哥明天要去日本。
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3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
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(1) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示一個(gè)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則通常表示一個(gè)過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如:
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I was reading the newspaper last night. 我昨晚在看書。(不一定看完)
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I read the newspaper last night. 我昨晚看了報(bào)紙。(已經(jīng)看完)
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He was building a model ship out of wood. 他在那里修一座橋。(不一定建成)
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He built a model ship out of wood. 他用木頭造了個(gè)模型船。(已建成)
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(2) 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等的一般過(guò)去時(shí)并不表示動(dòng)作完成,這時(shí)用兩種時(shí)態(tài)都可以,且含義區(qū)別不大。如:
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It snowed / was snowing all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雪。
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She didn’t feel / wasn’t feeling well that day. 那天她感到不太舒服。
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The child coughed / was coughing all night. 這孩子咳嗽了一整夜。
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將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):
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1. 構(gòu)成
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will / shall be +現(xiàn)在分詞。
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2. 基本用法
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(1) 表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
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Don’t phone him between 5pm and 6pm. He’ll be having a meeting then. 五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給他打電話,那時(shí)他在開會(huì)。
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When I get home, my wife will probably be doing cooking. 當(dāng)我到家時(shí),我太太可能正在做飯。
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(2) 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
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The train won’t be leaving until one o’clock. 火車一點(diǎn)鐘才開。
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We shall be going to London next week. 下周我們要去倫敦。
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(3) 常用來(lái)表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
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When shall we be meeting next time? 我們下次什么時(shí)候見面?
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Do come tomorrow! We’ll be expecting you. 明天務(wù)必來(lái),我們要等你的。
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(4) 表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。如:
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Will you be needing anything else? 你還需要什么嗎?
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When will you be coming again? 你什么時(shí)候再來(lái)?
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3. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別
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(1) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作; 而一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
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What will you be doing at seven the day after tomorrow? 后天晚上七點(diǎn)會(huì)在做什么呢
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What will you do at seven the day after tomorrow? 后天晚上七點(diǎn)你干什么?
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(2) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行表示已有的安排;而一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示臨時(shí)決定。如:
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I’ll go to see him after school. 放學(xué)后我去看她。
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I’ll be going to see him after school. 放學(xué)后我準(zhǔn)備去看她的。
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(3) 兩者均可表示將來(lái),但用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)語(yǔ)氣更委婉,比較:
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When will you finish your homework 你什么什候完成作業(yè)?
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When will you be finishing your homework 你什么什候完成作業(yè)呢?
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(4) 有時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)則只是單純地談未來(lái)情況;而一般將來(lái)中的will含有“愿意”的意思。比較:
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Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不會(huì)由瑪麗來(lái)付錢。(單純談未來(lái)情況)
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Mary won’t pay this bill. 瑪麗不肯付這筆錢。(表意愿)
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現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
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1. 構(gòu)成
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have / has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
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2. 基本用法
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(1) 表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行,也可能已停止。如:
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The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning. 整個(gè)早上辦公室里的電話鈴聲不斷。
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Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 自那時(shí)以來(lái),他們一直在設(shè)法查明起火的原因。
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What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后,你在做什么?
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In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.
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在過(guò)去的幾年中他們與好幾家跨國(guó)公司做生意一直做得很成功。
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(2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)得出的結(jié)論:
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She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了,她整天都在打信件。
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Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛紅了。她一直在哭。
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(3) 有時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。如:
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They have been seeing each other recently. 最近他們常常見面。
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3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
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(1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如:
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He has been writing a letter. 他一直在寫一封信。(還在寫)
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He has written a letter. 他寫了一封信。(已完成)
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(2) 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如work, study, live, teach, stay等, 用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多, 只是在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更多一些。如:
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How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory? 你哥哥在這家工廠工作多久了?
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I’ve lived / been living here since I taught in this school. 自從我在這所學(xué)校任教以來(lái)就一直住在這兒。
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(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí),而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。如:
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I have waited for two hours. 我等了兩小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))
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I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得好辛苦)