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動詞原形構(gòu)成虛擬式
用"動詞原形"表示的虛擬句,就是無論主語怎么變,動詞一律保持原形不變,及"以不變應萬變"。主要有以下幾種情況:
一、用于表示命令、決定、建議等詞語之后that-分句中
1. 動詞:用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose,
recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等動詞后的從句中。
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office.
老師命令到所有書本要送到辦公室。
She insisted that she go to the south in the summer 【天津考研沖刺輔導班哪個好】vacation. 她堅持暑假去南方。
We propose that Li Hua take the chair. 我們建議李華當主席。
2. 形容詞:用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative,
important, important, possible, necessary等形容詞后的從句中:
It is essential that we be 【天津考研一對一輔導有用嗎】 healthy. 我們的健康很重要。
It is advisable that these regulations be abolished. 取消這些規(guī)則的說法是可行的。
It is necessary that we study English well. 我們將英語學好很必要。
3. 名詞:用在decision,decree, demand, instruction, order,
requirement等名詞后的從句中:
Our teacher gives us an instruction that all the homework be done like
that. 老師告訴我們所有作業(yè)都要那樣做。
He gives me advice that I do the homework first. 他建議我先做家庭作業(yè)。
The demand that all students stand there isn’t proper. 讓學生站那兒的要求是不合理的。
注意:以上的用法均可以與"should+動詞原形"和"to do"形式替換運用。如:
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered that all the books should be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered all the books to be 【天津醫(yī)學考研培訓機構(gòu)排名】 sent to the office.
二、If、only等引導的從句中
If, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引導的分句,表示推測、讓步、防備等含義。
If the man be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal.
若是被發(fā)現(xiàn)有罪,這個男的將有申訴權。
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have our unswerving support.
不管她對錯與否,我們都一如既往地支持她。
注:在非正式語體中,以上句子還可以用should+動詞原形。
三、用于某些固定說法中:表示祝愿、詛咒、禁止等意義
God bless you! 上帝保佑!
So be it. 就這樣吧!但愿如此。
Suffice it to say that …只需要說 …就夠了。
Far be it from …遠不 …
Home is home, be it ever so homely. 家就是家,不管它是多么平凡。
英語中,虛擬語氣作為一種表示與事實相反的結(jié)構(gòu),除了用"動詞原形"外,還可以用過去式表示。那么,在哪些情況下,虛擬句需要用過去時來表示呢
動詞過去式表示虛擬語氣
一、用動詞過去/過去完成時
1. It is time that ...
It is time that children got up. 孩子們該起床了。
It is high time you left for Beijing. 你該離開去北京了。
2. I would rather...
I would rather you had left yesterday. 我寧愿你昨天就離開了。
Frankly, I would rather he was absent. 坦白講,我寧愿他沒在場。
3. If only...
If only I had enough money. 要是我有足夠的錢就好了。
If only I had listened to my mother’s advice. 我要是之前聽從媽媽的建議就好了。
4. as if/ though...
She ordered me as if she was my boss. 她支使我,好像是我老板似的。
She looked at me as though I was a monster. 她像看只怪物似的看著我。
5. I wish that...
I wish that I were a bird. 我希望自己是一只小鳥。
I wish that I hadn’t said that. 我真希望自己沒那么說過。
二、用情態(tài)助動詞過去時
1. 用于條件句:
If I were you, I would not take part in this activity. 如果我是你,我不會參加這個活動。
If you should lend me the money, I should be much obliged.
如果你把這錢借給我,我會感激不盡的。
2. 用于含蓄條件句:
But for your help, I couldn’t finish the task.沒有你的幫助,我就完成不了這項任務。
He who should violate the law would be punished. 違反法律的人,都【天津考研沖刺營有必要嗎】 要受到懲罰。
3. 其他語境:
I was shocked that she should forget me so quickly. 我很震驚,她竟然這么快就忘記我了。
因此,由上可知,如果該句敘述內(nèi)容與事實相反,或有假設意義,且出現(xiàn)以上如"it is time
that..."結(jié)構(gòu)時,需要用動詞的過去時或情態(tài)助動詞的過去時來表示。
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