根據(jù)一些機(jī)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)計(jì),托福考生練習(xí)時(shí)間*長(zhǎng)的是聽(tīng)力,但*差的分?jǐn)?shù)也是聽(tīng)力?？忌?次考試中的平均聽(tīng)力分?jǐn)?shù)約為19分。許多學(xué)生通常練習(xí)聽(tīng)寫(xiě),但他們做到了TPO發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤率總是很高!

事實(shí)上,在托福聽(tīng)力考試中,在通過(guò)聽(tīng)力能力的情況下,要達(dá)到滿分,你需要首先了解問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn),掌握問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn),掌握問(wèn)題點(diǎn),以便在實(shí)際實(shí)踐中獲得更高的準(zhǔn)確率。

托福聽(tīng)力中*常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題有六種:主題問(wèn)題、細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題、功能問(wèn)題、態(tài)度問(wèn)題、結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題和推理問(wèn)題。只要你掌握了這六類(lèi)問(wèn)題,就可以說(shuō)離托福聽(tīng)力滿分不遠(yuǎn)了。因此,今天我們將仔細(xì)總結(jié)這六類(lèi)聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn)和解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵,希望能幫助有聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題的學(xué)生!

01 主旨目的題

主旨題分為內(nèi)容主旨和目的主旨。

如何識(shí)別主旨目的題?

What are the students mainly discussing?

What is the main topic of the talk?

What is the lecture mainly about?

What is the talk mainly about?

What is the main purpose of the lecture?

What is the professor mainly discussing?

文章的主旨解決之道

(1)聽(tīng)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)頭;

(2)把握對(duì)話目的;

(3)對(duì)于演講,敏感開(kāi)頭句型;

(4)捕捉全文重復(fù)(主題決定細(xì)節(jié),細(xì)節(jié)反映主題);

(5)訓(xùn)練關(guān)鍵詞的敏感(大多是名詞和動(dòng)詞)——適應(yīng)于長(zhǎng)對(duì)話

文章的主旨展開(kāi)方式

(1)直接展開(kāi):

today we are going to talk about…

I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing…

let’s focus on…

let’s now take a look at…

(2)問(wèn)答式展開(kāi):

how are companies typically structured?

Do you remember what they are?

How can you understand it?

Why does human being consider it important?

(3)全文關(guān)鍵詞總結(jié)

選項(xiàng)特征

正確選項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞:history,development,background,information,growth,origin,features,characteristics,invention,creation,innovation,evolution,era,trend,comparison,classification等

干擾選項(xiàng)特征:

Too general:an idea that is beyond the focus of the conversation or lecture

too specific:a supporting detail instead of a main idea

inaccurate:not true,or only partially true,according to the speakers

irrelevant:about something that the speakers don’t mention

02 細(xì)節(jié)題

通常來(lái)講,細(xì)節(jié)題不會(huì)以某一種固定的形式出現(xiàn)。能夠考查的細(xì)節(jié)題目有很多,有列舉細(xì)節(jié),陳述某個(gè)理論觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容,給出術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義等等。總體來(lái)說(shuō)我們可以把細(xì)節(jié)題總結(jié)為原文意思的重新敘述或者概述。

如何識(shí)別細(xì)節(jié)題?

What problem does the man have?

According to the conversation,what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes?

Why does the professor talk about Plato’s description of society?

細(xì)節(jié)題的考查點(diǎn)

(1)時(shí)間細(xì)節(jié)

年份、月份、星期、四季的說(shuō)法

注意細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)應(yīng)的事件

(2)地點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)

*名稱(縮寫(xiě)、中文)

美國(guó)地名

(3)名詞細(xì)節(jié)

文章中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)名詞前后的特點(diǎn)

記住名詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)候的發(fā)音

(4)方位細(xì)節(jié)

注意方位詞的說(shuō)法

注意方向詞的說(shuō)法

(5)數(shù)字細(xì)節(jié)

注意逗號(hào)原則的應(yīng)用

注意分?jǐn)?shù),小數(shù),百分?jǐn)?shù)的說(shuō)法

注意數(shù)字修飾的名詞

(6)顏色形狀細(xì)節(jié)

常見(jiàn)的顏色詞匯

常見(jiàn)的形狀詞匯

(7)態(tài)度細(xì)節(jié)

注意點(diǎn)評(píng)一個(gè)事物所用的形容詞

注意正負(fù)態(tài)度評(píng)價(jià)

(8)人名細(xì)節(jié)

積累常見(jiàn)名人人名的發(fā)音

注意人名的前后一致性

(9)雙選細(xì)節(jié)

注意并列的原因、建議、結(jié)果、陳述、特點(diǎn)

注意序數(shù)詞和表示順序的短語(yǔ)

(10)圖片細(xì)節(jié)

常見(jiàn)的會(huì)出現(xiàn)圖片*:生物學(xué),植物學(xué),地理學(xué),地質(zhì)學(xué),氣象學(xué)

抓住圖片中的要素:大小,形狀,顏色,方向,方位,特點(diǎn)

筆記中記錄下圖片

03 功能題

功能題主要考查的是說(shuō)話者所說(shuō)的某段話的功能,翻譯一下就是為什么要這么說(shuō)。功能題和細(xì)節(jié)題往往是相輔相成。比如舉例部分,既可以考查例子的功能,也可以考查例子的細(xì)節(jié)。

如何識(shí)別功能題?

What does the professor imply when he says this:(reply)

What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student?

What is the purpose of the woman’s response?Why does the student say this?

托福聽(tīng)力中的常見(jiàn)功能:

(1)Explanation:Simply put/Let’s put in this way/I think I should/you mean

(2)Conclusion:now to sum/wrap up my speech

(3)Suggestion:you should have done something better

(4)Inspiration:come on,you are supposed to know this…

(5)Emphasis:please bear in mind that…/Rhetorical question

(6)Correcting mistake:Excuse me,Actually,Did I say XXX?I mean YYY.Oh,wait a minutes,What am I saying?wait a minute/I made a slip of tongue

04 態(tài)度題

態(tài)度題一般指的是professor對(duì)某件事的觀點(diǎn)和看法。態(tài)度會(huì)出現(xiàn)在事實(shí)描述的后邊。態(tài)度題出現(xiàn)的頻率不高,但也是一個(gè)必須得分的題型。

如何識(shí)別態(tài)度題?

What can be inferred about the student?

What is the professor’s attitude toward…?

What is the professor’s opinion of…?

What can be inferred about the student when she says this:

What does the woman mean when she says this:

態(tài)度題的Tips:

(1)語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào),重讀,小詞;

(2)把握態(tài)度上的肯定還是否定;

(3)喜歡還是厭倦;

(4)有興趣還是沒(méi)有興趣;

(5)滿意、不滿意還是受挫;

托福聽(tīng)力中的常見(jiàn)態(tài)度:

(1)Awful:woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Oh,shoot!(2)Remind:I don’t think you will do/I was wondering if you will do something/I don’t imagine if you do…/you haven’t done something,have you?

(3)Pity:what a shame/that’s too bad/I’m sorry to hear that/tough luck

(4)Eulogy:Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;Good job

(5)to the professor:Fascinating;Catching;Instructive;Stimulating;Thought-provoking;

(6)Surprise:Gee!Jesus!My dear!Boy!Jesus Christ!Man!Oh,my God!Gosh!Oh,my!What!Dear me!

(7)Tactful refuse:Sounds great,but/Sounds like fun,but/that’s tempting,but/I wish I could,but/I’d love to,but/I’d really like to,but/I would(if I could),but/I meant to,but/I have been meaning to(do something),but/I should have,but…

05 結(jié)構(gòu)題

結(jié)構(gòu)題和功能題很像,考查的都是提出某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)的目的。不過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)題更側(cè)重于考查在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)上的目的功能,比如引出下文,導(dǎo)入話題等等。因此,結(jié)構(gòu)題往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,或者一個(gè)新邏輯層次開(kāi)始的地方。

如何識(shí)別結(jié)構(gòu)題?

How is the information in the lecture organized?

How does the professor clarify the points he makes about Mexico?

托福lecture文章的三種典型結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)定義結(jié)構(gòu)

(2)比較結(jié)構(gòu)

(3)問(wèn)題解決型結(jié)構(gòu)

常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)

舉例考點(diǎn)

典型提示詞:For example/for
instance/like/if/take...as an example/let's see/there be...

注意事項(xiàng):依照結(jié)構(gòu)題的考查內(nèi)容,要關(guān)注舉例的目的,即例子所對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)。

轉(zhuǎn)折考點(diǎn)

典型提示詞:but/however/although/in fact/actually

強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)

典型提示詞:

①表重要:important(ly)/significant(ly)/critical/key

②表特別:
particularly/especially/specifically

③表重復(fù):I mean/and again/what I mean is

④表*:only/all/*高級(jí)

⑤表程度:really/pretty/quite/very

⑥表強(qiáng)烈情感:funny/interseting

因果考點(diǎn)

典型提示詞:
because/why/so/since/reason/as/due to/result from

專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)

典型提示詞:

①引出術(shù)語(yǔ):is called XXX/is known XXX/停頓

②解釋術(shù)語(yǔ):XXX is a...(way/phenomenon/term)

XXX is defined as...

XXX means...

XXX refers to...

③進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明:you know...(很多時(shí)候作為解釋含義出現(xiàn))

06 推理題

推理題就是信息的推理綜合,在考試中這類(lèi)題型不能像細(xì)節(jié)題一樣找到和原文完全一致的信息,但是可以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,去得到合理的推斷。但有一點(diǎn)可以格外注意一下,任何的推斷在沒(méi)有文章的依據(jù)或者缺乏能夠支撐答案確定性的時(shí)候,都是錯(cuò)誤答案。

如何識(shí)別推理題?

What can be inferred about…?

What does the professor imply about…?

What will the students do in the summer?

推理題的解題技巧

(1)注意出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)性語(yǔ)言:in my opinion,as far as I’m concerned,personally,pay attention,from my point of view

(2)注意進(jìn)度條和結(jié)尾段的引申

(3)注意首尾段的遙相輝映

(4)正確選項(xiàng)經(jīng)常是文章中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的單詞

以上就是今天給大家總結(jié)的托福聽(tīng)力中六大高頻考題的一些出題特征和解題關(guān)鍵,聽(tīng)力有問(wèn)題的小伙伴可以對(duì)照本文的干貨分享進(jìn)行日常的訓(xùn)練,相信一定會(huì)得到提升。