今天小編為大家?guī)砹擞⒄Z四級(jí)語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)必備，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，接下來跟小編一起來看看吧。 動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)時(shí)態(tài) 1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(have/has been -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束. I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden. 2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 I’d been working for some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years. 4)將來完成時(shí)(由shall/will have 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時(shí)已發(fā)生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 語態(tài) 可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度) 雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
