今天為大家推送的是英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)語(yǔ)法,一起來(lái)看看吧! 一、先測(cè)測(cè)你是否會(huì)想當(dāng)然 1. 請(qǐng)先觀察以下短語(yǔ),這幾組短語(yǔ)至少在表示某一意思時(shí)它們是反義詞: (1) up 與 down 是一對(duì)反義詞,前者表示“向上”,后者表示“向下”。如: He continued to jump up and down like a boy at a football match. 他不停地上躥下跳,活像個(gè)足球賽中的男孩。 Aircraft can avoid each other by going up and down, as well as by altering course to left or right. 飛機(jī)可以通過(guò)上下升降和左右移動(dòng)改變航線來(lái)避免相撞。 (2) upstairs 與 downstairs是一對(duì)反義詞,前者表示“樓上”,后者表示“樓下”。如: The bedrooms are upstairs and the dining-room is downstairs. 寢室在樓上,餐廳在樓下。 (3) go up 與 go down 是一對(duì)反義詞,前者表示“上升”,后者表示“下降”。如: The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, unskilled workers saw their earnings go down. 熟練工的收入上升了,而與此同時(shí),不熟練工發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的收入下降了。 (4) turn up 與 turn down 是一對(duì)反義詞,前者表示“開(kāi)大音量”,后者表示“關(guān)小音量”。如: The baby fell asleep, so I asked him to turn the TV down, but a few minutes later he turned it up again. 寶寶睡著了,所以我叫他把電視機(jī)音量調(diào)小些,但是沒(méi)過(guò)幾分鐘他又把音量調(diào)大了。 請(qǐng)從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)很佳答案填空: slow up 與 slow down 是一對(duì) ________。 A. 同義詞 B. 反義詞 C. 無(wú)關(guān)詞 D. 互補(bǔ)詞 【測(cè)試結(jié)果】如果你選擇的答案是“反義詞”,你就錯(cuò)了,正確答案是填“同義詞”。盡管up和down是一對(duì)反義詞,并且確實(shí)也有不少含有up和down的短語(yǔ)也是反義詞,但是,slow up和slow down卻是一對(duì)同義詞。 二、相關(guān)詞和短語(yǔ)的用法說(shuō)明 slow up和slow down均表示“變緩”“變慢”“減速”等,從使用的廣泛性來(lái)看,slow down比slow up用得更多、更廣泛。兩者的具體用法如下: 1. 表示“(使)慢下來(lái)”“(使)減速” (1) slow down的用例: I put on the brakes and slowed the car down. 我踩下剎車(chē)降低車(chē)速。 The train slowed down as it went around the bend. 火車(chē)在轉(zhuǎn)彎處減速了。 She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her. 她放慢腳步好讓我跟上她。 The train slowed down to a crawl as it approached the station. 火車(chē)進(jìn)站時(shí)慢了下來(lái)。 You see drivers speeding up when they should be slowing down. 你可以看到有些司機(jī)在應(yīng)該減速時(shí)卻加速。 (2) slow up的用例: The bus slowed up as it approached the junction. 公共汽車(chē)在駛近交叉路口時(shí)放慢了速度。 The roadworks are slowing the traffic up in the mornings. 道路施工使早上的交通遲緩下來(lái)。
2. 表示“(使某人)松弛”“(使發(fā)展)減緩” (1) slow down的用例: The economy has slowed down. 經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩了。 He looks ill, and he should slow down. 他看上去不太舒服,應(yīng)該放松一下。 (2) slow up的用例: Output has slowed (up) a little. 生產(chǎn)已放慢了一點(diǎn)。 They claim they can slow up the ageing process. 他們聲稱(chēng)能夠減緩老化的速度。 三、用法聯(lián)想與拓展 跟slow down與slow up用法類(lèi)似的還有close up與close down。但close up與close down在表示“關(guān)閉”時(shí),只是意義相近,并不完全相同:close down表示公司或商店等永久性關(guān)閉(即“倒閉”),而close up則表示公司或商店等臨時(shí)性關(guān)閉(如“歇業(yè)”“打烊”)。如: The factory closed down ten years ago. 這家工廠10 年前就倒閉了。 All the shops had closed up for the night. 深夜所有的商店都已經(jīng)打烊了。 有些含有up和down的相似短語(yǔ),既不是同義詞或近義詞,也不是反義詞,它們各自有各自的意思和用法。如: back up(驗(yàn)證;支持;備份;倒車(chē);后退) back down(認(rèn)錯(cuò);認(rèn)輸;退讓) bring up(養(yǎng)育;教養(yǎng);提出) bring down(使落下;;降低;減少)